<p>Bethel Baptist Church is a historic church complex and cemetery located at Midlothian, Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was built in 1894, and is a brick church with a steeply pitched gable roof in the Late Gothic Revival style. It is the third church on this site. Wings were added to the original church in 1906, 1980, and 1987. Also on the property is the contributing church cemetery that includes approximately 500 burials including soldiers of virtually every war in American history from the American Revolutionary War through the Vietnam War.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Home on the Range Cabin, near Smith Center, Kansas, is a log cabin built by Dr. Brewster Higley VI in 1875. It is associated with the song "Home on the Range", written by Higley as a poem in 1872 while living on a dugout that he built on the banks of the Beaver Creek. Higley&#39;s friend Dan Kelley set the poem to music; the song eventually became famous and is now the state song of Kansas.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The cabin site is 240 acres of range and cultivated land owned by Peoples Heartland Foundation. The cabin was restored in 2013 to its 1870s appearance.</p><br>
<p>The Bank of Oberlin, located at 187 S. Penn in Oberlin, Kansas, United States, was a bank whose building was constructed in 1886. The building, also known as the Decatur County Courthouse and as First National Bank of Oberlin, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1994.</p><br>
<p>It is a 28 x two-story red brick building. The brick walls include corbelling and a herringbone panel beneath each window and are "beautiful", in contrast to the walls of many historic buildings in Oberlin that have been covered with stucco or siding.</p><br>
<p>The Bank of Oberlin occupied the building until 1894, when it closed due to the Panic of 1893. Decatur County acquired the building as part of a settlement following the bank&#39;s failure, and it used the building as its first permanent courthouse until 1927.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant "for its historical association with the growth and development of Oberlin" and "for its architectural significance as an Italianate commercial building."</p><br>
<p>Point of Rocks is a historic plantation house located near Chester, Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was built about 1840, and is a one-story, three-bay, double pile dwelling with weatherboard siding and a low-pitched hipped standing seam metal roof in the Greek Revival style. Also on the property is a contributing garage. The property was the location of a Union military observation point and headquarters for General Benjamin F. Butler and hospital established in 1864 during the Bermuda Hundred Campaign of the American Civil War. Union troops of the 2nd United States Colored Cavalry Regiment fought a skirmish against Confederate forces at Point of Rocks on May 23, 1864.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Castlewood, also known as the Poindexter House and The Old Parsonage, is a historic plantation house located near Chesterfield, Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was built between about 1810 and 1820, and is a long, five-part frame house that was built in at least two or three stages. It consists of a two-story, one-bay-wide central section, flanked by -story, two-bay wings, connected to the main block by one-story, one-bay hyphens. Also on the property is a contributing frame, pyramidal roofed structure with a coved cornice that may have housed a dairy.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Petroglyph Canyon  is an archaeologically significant canyon in the northwestern United States. Located on both sides of the border between Montana and Wyoming, the canyon has long been obscure due to its small size. However, it gained substantial attention in the late 20th century because of its numerous prehistoric petroglyphs, and much of it was named a historic site in the 1970s.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Petroglyph Canyon&#39;s most significant portion is located in the southern half of Section 35, Township 9 South, Range 26 East, within far southern Carbon County, Montana. beginning 1 mile north of the most significant area and extending approximately 2.5 mi into Big Horn County, Wyoming. The walls and boulders in the canyon are primarily sandstone, having been weathered to a dark brown color, although under the surface the stone is a lighter tan color.</p><br>
<h2>Petroglyphs</h2><br>
<p>A portion of the canyon measuring approximately 800 ft long features numerous prehistoric petroglyphs, both on the canyon walls and on boulders. At least eighteen different groups of carvings are known, in addition to features such as hearths and small pieces of stone resulting from the manufacturing process for stone tools. Most of the petroglyphs were created by "pecking" tiny holes, although one group is formed of lines that were clearly engraved into the rock. The majority of designs at Petroglyph Canyon feature humans or large game animals such as bison and bighorn sheep. Some carvings clearly feature men or women, many of which appear with sexual imagery such as phallic symbols or external female genitalia respectively. Some of the carvings are old enough that they have begun to weather to the dark color of the surrounding stone, but most show little sign of erosion. A few designs at the site, such as personal names, have obviously been added much more recently by vandals, but such carvings are rare and were typically placed near older designs instead of on top of them.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>Petroglyph Canyon received its present name in 1967, when an archaeological survey discovered the carvings; it had appeared on numerous maps published since 1859, but no map published before 1967 provided a name for the canyon. The first "official" use of the current name was made in 1975, when the canyon was listed on the National Register of Historic Places; it appears on the National Register as "Petroglyph Canyon". Since that time, the name has commonly been used by agencies such as the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service, as well as by local residents. In 1992, the Board on Geographic Names officially gave the canyon its current name.</p><br>
<p>The canyon was listed on the National Register as an important archaeological site, as modern vandalism — whether carvings or occasional digging into the canyons stone-tool manufacturing sites — had been unable to diminish its unparalleled quality. Petroglyph sites have been found throughout Montana, but "pecked" sites are far rarer than in states such as Wyoming or Utah, and Petroglyph Canyon features a broader range of artwork with less deterioration than almost any other Montana rock art site. When the site was listed, Bureau of Land Management archaeologists hoped to conduct future work at the site to compare it with other rock art sites in the region. Because the sites styles more closely resemble what has been found at distant sites than they do other nearby sites, it is hoped that such comparisons will reveal the migration patterns of the peoples who created sites such as Petroglyph Canyon.</p><br>
<p>Kingsland, also known as Richmond View, was a historic plantation house located at Chimney Corner, Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was built about 1805, and consisted of a -story, frame structure with a rear ell. The main section measured 20 feet by 40 feet and the rear ell extended 55 feet. The house featured a center chimney. Also on the property was a contributing smokehouse. It was moved and reconstructed in 1994.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Olive Hill is a historic plantation house located near Matoaca in Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was built in 1740, and is a two-story, five-bay-wide, white frame house in the Georgian style. The original structure measures 38by32 ft. It is sheathed in molded weatherboard and topped by a pedimented roof. The interior features a Chinese lattice stair with a molded hand rail.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Eppington is a historic plantation house located near Winterpock, Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was built about 1768, and consists of a three-bay, -story, central block with hipped roof, dormers, modillion cornice, and flanking one-story wings in the Georgian style. It has a later two-story rear ell. It features two tall exterior end chimneys which rise from the roof of the wings. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The Eppeses and Jeffersons</h3><br>
<p>Its builder, Francis Eppes, was brother-in-law and first cousin of Martha Jefferson (1748–1782), the wife of Thomas Jefferson. After her death, Eppes and his wife Elizabeth (Martha Jeffersons half-sister) raised Jeffersons two younger daughters, Mary and Lucy Elizabeth, while their father was Minister to France. Charles Eppes sent samples of American trees, including Bald Cypress, Eastern Red Cedar, Southern Magnolia and Wax-myrtle as well as hams from Monticello to Thomas Jefferson in France at Thomas Jefferson&#39;s request. Lucy Elizabeth died in 1784 aged two and was buried at Eppington. Mary (Polly) Jefferson (1778–1804), married in 1797 her cousin, John Wayles Eppes (1772–1823) and spent much of her time at Eppington.</p><br>
<p>The Eppeses own daughters studied natural and agricultural sciences, noting what times of year crops came in as well as when Eastern whip-poor-wills arrived and started singing.</p><br>
<p>In 1790, Charles Eppes had 124 slaves and 2 white overseers living on Eppington. As early as 1806, a school building was on the property. Later, by the mid-eighteen hundreds, the building was converted into a kitchen to replace a previous building that had been the kitchen.</p><br>
<h3>Archibald Thweatt</h3><br>
<p>Archibald Thweatt acquired Eppington over several purchases starting in December 1812. Epps Falls, at Eppington, were deemed dangerous for passing boats by the Virginia General Assembly. The General Assembly, in 1819, gave Archibald Thweatt, owner of Eppington, compensation from any damages but allowed the Upper Appomattox Canal company to build a dam and locks around the falls. Archibald Thweatt and his heirs were also given leave to build a grist mill on the dam. Archibald Thweatt raised Merino wool. Also, in 1819, he made a land arrangement which was critical to keep open the right of way road from Richmond to Petersburg.</p><br>
<p>When the Upper Appomattox Canal Navigation System was complete, neighboring farmers could ship farm produce from the docks at Eppington. There were large loading facilities. When coal was first mined at the Clover Hill Pits, in 1837, it was taken by mule, later by rail, to the docks at Epps Falls. A boat that could carry seven tons of coal, made a four-day round trip to Petersburg for two dollars and thirty eight cents. Rail Service to the docks was discontinued when the Clover Hill Railroad was built to the James River. But it was later added back when the successor, the Brighthope Railway was expanded in 1881.</p><br>
<p>Trabue&#39;s Tavern, also known as Pleasant View, is a historic plantation house and former tavern located near Midlothian, Chesterfield County, Virginia. The original section was built about 1730, and consists of two parts—an early -story western wing with a lean-to and a later two-story eastern wing with a one-story rear lean-to. Both sections are frame structures with gable roofs. Also on the property are several contributing buildings: an outhouse, well house, dairy, smokehouse, two kitchen buildings, schoolhouse, and family cemetery. Macon Trabue installed a wrought iron fence around the cemetery in the mid-nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The property was owned by the Trabue family, an ethnic French Huguenot family who were among the principal mine-owners in the town. They used the house as an inn patronized by travelers and miners alike. It formerly had a front porch which was eventually removed after the house was sold out of the family in 1956.</p><br>
<p>The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Keswick is a historic plantation house near Powhatan, in Chesterfield County and Powhatan County, Virginia, US. It was built in the early-19th century, and is an H-shaped, two-story, gable-roofed, frame-with-weatherboard building. It is supported on brick foundations and has a brick exterior end chimney on each gable. Also on the property are a contributing well house, a smokehouse, the circular "slave quarters," a kitchen, a two-story brick house, a shed, and a laundry.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The builder and first owner of "Keswick" was Charles Clarke, who received a grant of 1,500 acres on the south bank of the James River in both Henrico and Goochland Counties (today Chesterfield and Powhatan Counties) sometime in the early eighteenth century. In the middle of the eighteenth century, Clarke married Marianne Salle (a member of one of the Huguenot families settled in Powhatan County). To house his new family, he built a residence known as the "Manor House." This house was small, as it only had two stories with two rooms on each floor. Charles Clarke died in the late eighteenth century and Keswick passed to his son, James, who at his death passed the property to his son John.</p><br>
<p>John Clarke built a new house that today is the main house at Keswick Plantation. It had an H-shape that paralleled Tuckahoe across the river.</p><br>
<p>Bellwood, also known at various times over the past two centuries as Sheffields, New Oxford, Auburn Chase, and currently as Defense Supply Center Richmond Officers&#39; Club-Building 42, is a historic plantation house located south of Richmond in Chesterfield County, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Bellwood was built on a plantation that had been owned by the Ward family since the mid 17th century. In 1656 Judge Richard Ward, son of the original Seth Ward immigrant, married Elizabeth Blackman, daughter of Captain Jeremiah Blackman, a merchant, mariner and ship owner of London who patented land in the Colony of Virginia. In 1665 Ward acquired 1,337 acres on the south bank of the James River just downstream from the mouth of Falling Creek known as "Sheffields Plantation" that had been patented by his father-in-law, Blackman, in 1646.</p><br>
<p>First settled in 1619, the plantation got its name from Thomas Sheffield, the first proprietor, who was slain there along with his wife Rachel and 11 others during the Indian massacre of 1622. Their eldest son, Seth Ward (1661-1707), inherited the plantation in 1682 and over the next century four subsequent generations of first-born sons named Seth were born and raised at Sheffields and each in turn inherited the land. Seth Ward V sold the property to his aunt and uncle, Mary Ann Ward and Richard Claiborne Gregory in 1797.</p><br>
<p>The manor house now known as Bellwood was built on the plantation between 1790 and 1804. It is a two-story, five-bay, timberframe I-house dwelling with a low hipped roof in the Georgian style. The house is set on brick foundations and sheathed in weatherboard. Unlike many of the James River Plantations where the manor houses were built directly on the river, this house was built back from the river facing the Petersburg Turnpike, the road between Richmond and Petersburg, that preceded USA Route 1.</p><br>
<p>Richard Claiborne Gregorys son, Richard Augustus Gregory (1795-1835) inherited the property and in 1847, the plantation passed again through inheritance to Gregorys daughter Lavinia and her husband, Chesterfield Justice of the Peace Augustus Harrison Drewry. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Drewry was commissioned as commander of Company C, 2nd Regiment Virginia Artillery, CSA and helped construct a fort on the edge of the property known as Drewrys Bluff, or Fort Darling. The fort overlooked the James River and had 3 large guns (1 ten-inch and 2 eight-inch columbiads), the installation of which were overseen by General Robert E. Lees eldest son Brigadier General G.W.C. Lee. The fort along with ships sunk in the river channel below Drewry&#39;s bluff to create obstructions were intended to prevent Union gunboats from reaching the Confederate Capitol, Richmond.</p><br>
<p>On May 15, 1862, in the Battle of Drewrys Bluff the guns of Fort Darling successfully held off an attempt by the Union warships Monitor and Galena to steam upriver to Richmond and later, repelled an attack by land. Drewrys regiment was broken up soon after the battle, but he was promoted to major shortly afterward for his actions during the battle that seriously damaged the Galena forcing the Union ironclads to retreat.</p><br>
<p>In May 1864, Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard made the site his headquarters and met with General Braxton Bragg and Confederate President Jefferson Davis in the manor house to discuss plans for halting the Union Armys advance on Richmond. After the war, Drewry traded the farm, then known as "Auburn Chase", to Captain James P. Jones and moved to Westover in Charles City County where he lived until his death in 1899. Jones wasnt successful at farming, since the land had been worn out from over two centuries of mono-culture tobacco and cotton crops.</p><br>
<p>In 1887, the house and farmlands were acquired by James Bellwood, a Canadian farmer. Bellwood paid $18.50 per acre for approximately 2,000 acres of land and made the manor house his home and the property became known as "Bellwood Farms". To restore the productivity of the depleted soil, Bellwood introduced crop rotation, used mulching and natural fertilizers and installed miles of drainage tiles and levees transforming the worn out farm into one of Virginia&#39;s chief agricultural showplaces of the early 20th century. James Bellwood won many awards for his crops and livestock at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco in 1915. He grew many different varieties of grains, grasses and forage crops and also operated a large dairy farm which supplied milk to Richmond markets. He had a herd of over 1,000 Holstein cattle and a prize herd of beef cattle. Bellwood, a native of Ontario, missed the elk from his homeland and imported a breeding pair of elk and created an elk herd on the property.</p><br>
<p>James Bellwood died in 1924 and his descendants continued the agricultural operation through the 1930s. In 1941, 631 acres of the Bellwood property including the manor house, a large dairy barn and several outbuildings were acquired from his heirs by the USA Government to construct the Richmond Quartermaster Depot. The Army wanted the property due to its location along the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, and US Route 1 (then the main north–south East Coast highway) and its close proximity to the newly constructed Port of Richmond. The Bellwoods agreed to sell the land to the government but one of the stipulations of the sale was that the Army agree to look after the elk herd and they have done so ever since. The dairy barn was demolished in 1947 but the antebellum manor house is maintained as the centers officers club.</p><br>
<p>Although the house is now used as an officers’ club, much of the early fabric is still intact. This includes original heart pine flooring, paneled doors, stairs, and most of the door and window frames. A handsome Adam style mantel and paneled dado survive in one of the first-floor rooms. A long, one-story wing spanning the width of the house was added to the rear of the structure in modern times to accommodate a ballroom and the club&#39;s service areas. The property also contains the Gregory Family cemetery, the historic elk pasture created by James Bellwood, and two feeding stations for the elk. Bellwood is a listed Virginia and Chesterfield County landmark and was added the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. A boundary increase was accepted in 2013.</p><br>
<p>In 2020 and 2021 the Bellwood Manor house underwent a year-long $3.28 million renovation. The renovation work overseen by the USA Army Corps of Engineers was done in accordance with plans and drawings approved by the Virginia State Historic Preservation Office, and included some structural repairs, as well as interior and exterior restoration.</p><br>
<p>Hallsborough Tavern is a historic inn and tavern located near Midlothian, Chesterfield County, Virginia. The original center section was built about 1790, and is a -story, three-bay, double pen frame structure on a brick foundation. It was expanded by 1832, with the addition of the -story western section and two-story, double pen eastern section. It served travelers on the old Buckingham Road throughout much of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Hallsboro Store is a historic general store located near Midlothian, Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was built around 1885 and is a two-story wood-frame structure set on a concrete and brick foundation in a Late Victorian style. The store was operated by a succession of prominent Chesterfield County businessmen, and it served as a post office and general store for its community for many generations. The Hallsboro Post Office was housed at the store from the time it was built until 1962.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. It was designated at a county landmark in 2019.</p><br>
<p>The Bridge at Falling Creek is a historic stone arch bridge located near Richmond, in Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was built about 1823 of rough-cut, uncoursed granite. It is carried by two semicircular barrel arches with voussoirs of rough-finished granite. Its width including parapets is 24 ft, and its length is 148 ft. It carried the southbound lanes of USA Route 301 until 1977, when it was put out of service. It is accessible from a wayside that includes the Falling Creek UDC Jefferson Davis Highway Marker. The bridge was partially damaged in 2004 but still remains significant. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Proctor Creek, Jefferson Davis Highway Marker is a historic stone highway marker located near Richmond, in Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was erected in 1931, and is one of sixteen erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in Virginia along the Jefferson Davis Highway between 1927 and 1946. The marker is a gray granite boulder with rough-cut edges. The stone is engraved with the text "ERECTED BY THE FIFTH DISTRICT VIRGINIA DIVISION UNITED DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY 1931."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Caretaker&#39;s Cabin is a historic log cabin in the Cedar Breaks National Monument in southeastern Iron County, Utah, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cabin was built in 1937 by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the National Park Service rustic style. The cabin was constructed of peeled logs with dramatically extended ends, cut to a tapered buttress shape. A large, battered stone chimney at one end echoes the log detailing. The roof is covered by cedar shakes.</p><br>
<p>The cabin has two rooms on 700 ft&sup2; with an attached porch. A second chimney, plainer with straight sides, is located at the rear. The porch is inset into the front facade, covered by the main roof.</p><br>
<p>The Cedar Breaks Caretaker&#39;s Cabin was listed on the NRHP on August 4, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Visitor Center is a historic log cabin in the Cedar Breaks National Monument in southeastern Iron County, Utah, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The visitor center was built in 1937 by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the National Park Service Rustic style. The visitor center is located on the rim of the Cedar Breaks amphitheater, overlooking the stone rock formations. It was constructed of peeled logs with dramatically extended ends, cut to a tapered buttress shape. A large, battered stone chimney at one end echoes the log detailing. The roof is covered by cedar shakes, with extended log purlin ends.</p><br>
<p>The cabin has two rooms on 606 square feet (65 m) with an attached porch. The porch is inset into the front facade, covered by an inset shed roof.</p><br>
<p>The Cedar Breaks Caretaker&#39;s Cabin was listed on the NRHP on August 4, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Deering Bridge, near Sutton, Nebraska, is a historic bridge that was built in 1916. It is a concrete spandrel arch bridge designed by the Nebraska Bureau of Roads & Bridges and built by the Lincoln Construction Co. Also known as School Creek Bridge and as NEHBS No. CY00-11, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>It is an exemplary 50 ft concrete arch bridge, which the Nebraska State Engineer commended as a well-constructed bridge of this type. Prior to the construction of the bridge, Clay County had mainly built wooden and steel bridges; however, after building the Deering Bridge it gradually shifted to constructing concrete bridges. The bridge extends between Clay County and Fillmore County.</p><br>
<p>Red Rock is a rock formation in south-central Wyoming that was used by travelers on the Overland Trail to record signature inscriptions from passersby. The wind-smoothed red rock stands about 20 ft high and has a circumference of about 120 ft. The sandstone formation records signatures dating to at least the 1850s. The signatures on the upwind side of the rock have weathered to faint traces. The rock is on privately owned land.</p><br>
<p>Red Rock was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Jack House, at 536 Marsh St. in San Luis Obispo, California, is a two-story Italianate-style historic house. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. The listing included two contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Jack House is now owned by the City of San Luis Obispo. Volunteer docents offer guided tours on Sundays from April through November, and the house is also open for holiday celebrations and special events.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by, and was a home of, Robert Edgar Jack (died 1916), who was "a prominent banker and land developer and wool grower in Central California."</p><br>
<p>Crites Hall, at 10th and Main Sts. in Chadron, Nebraska, is the student services building of Chadron State College. The building is historic, dating from 1938, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is in Art Deco style, designed by architect Gordon Shattuck, and was the first men&#39;s dormitory at the college. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>It is named for Edwin D. Crites (1884-1953), a first generation northwestern-Nebraskan who spent his career as an attorney in Chadron and was a State Normal Board member from 1931 to 1953.</p><br>
<p>Gordon Shattuck also designed the H. J. Bartenbach House, in Grand Island, Nebraska, which is also NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>Beach Station a national historic district located near Chesterfield, in Chesterfield County, Virginia. The district includes six contributing buildings and one contributing site in the Village of Beach. They were all constructed about 1890 and are two single-family dwellings, a post office, a railway depot, an outbuilding, two railroad shanties, and the ruins of the former general store. Beach Station was accessible from the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad later named the Tidewater and Western Railroad. Leasing arrangements had been made with the Brighthope Railway company which was sold to become the Farmville and Powhatan. The district represents an unusual collection of late-nineteenth-century buildings in their historic surroundings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Raleigh Mound  is a Native American mound in the village of Fredericktown, Ohio, United States. Built thousands of years ago, the mound is an important archaeological site.</p><br>
<p>The site&#39;s original name was "Rowley Mound", given in honor of a Mr. Rowley, the property owner. Both spellings have been used by federal sources; different editions of United States Geological Survey maps use both spellings, the United States Board on Geographic Names officially determined to spell it "Rowley" in 1963, and the National Park Service lists it as "Raleigh" while noting "Rowley" as a variant.</p><br>
<p>Raleigh measures approximately 20 ft tall with a diameter of uncertain size, ranging between 80 ft and 90 ft. Its precise size cannot be determined: the mound was built atop a small hill, and thousands of years of erosion have molded the two into a single shape. The mound was excavated at an uncertain time in the past, and the excavators recovered a distinctive artifact of a type of gorget known as an "expanded-center bar". Such a gorget is distinctive of sites affiliated with the mound-building Adena culture, which was responsible for heavy activity in the vicinity of modern Fredericktown — another Adena site, the Stackhouse Mound and Works, sits to the northeast less than 1 mi away.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Raleigh Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its archaeological importance. Significant to this designation was its relationship to the Stackhouse site, as the nearby placement of the latter&#39;s larger earthworks and village site meant that a detailed investigation of the mound would have a chance of providing archaeologists with an unusually detailed understanding of the people who built it.</p><br>
<p>Falling Creek UDC Jefferson Davis Highway Marker is a historic stone highway marker located near Richmond, in Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was erected in 1933, and is one of sixteen erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in Virginia along the Jefferson Davis Highway between 1927 and 1946. The marker is a gray granite boulder with rough-cut edges. The stone is engraved with the text “ERECTED BY THE FIRST DISTRICT VIRGINIA DIVISION UNITED DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY 1933.” It is located in a wayside established in 1934, that provides access to the Bridge at Falling Creek. It was the first highway wayside park in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Morris Sharp House is a historic residence in the city of Washington Court House, Ohio, United States. Built to be the home of one of the city&#39;s leading citizens, it has remained the architectural landmark that it was designed to be. The house has served as a museum for nearly fifty years, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Morris Sharp</h2><br>
<p>Morris Sharp was born at Aberdeen, Ohio on 30 August 1838 and with his family he moved to Jamestown in 1851 before settling in Washington Court House. He joined his father in the family business after completing his education, but after his health failed him, he was compelled to change his vocation, and upon the formation of the Merchants and Farmers Bank in early 1872, Sharp was appointed the banks first cashier. He rapidly became one of the foremost citizens of his adopted city because of his unusual business ability, and until his death in early 1905, he was actively engaged in the management of extensive banking interests and extensive agricultural tracts. A member of the local Methodist church, Sharp was a leading advocate of the prohibitionist cause; he was once the Prohibition Partys candidate for Governor of Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in 1875,</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1958, the Fayette County Historical Society purchased the Morris Sharp House, and seven years later the property was reopened as the Fayette County Museum. It remains in use as a museum to the present; among its exhibits are historic furniture, documents, clothes, and weapons. The house gained further recognition in 1974, when it and an outbuilding were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places for their architectural significance. One of more than a dozen National Register properties in and around Washington Court House, it was one of the first to join the list; only the Fayette County Courthouse achieved this distinction sooner.</p><br>
<p>The Interior Grain Tramway was an aerial tramway built in 1901 near Pullman, Washington to move grain in sacks from the Palouse hills to the Snake River over a horizontal distance of 1,200 m and a vertical fall of 700 m. Grain was stored in warehouses at the top and bottom of the tramway for shipment on riverboats to a railroad terminal at Riparia, Washington, 40 mi away, with a capacity of up to 250,000 bushels per year. The tramway operated until 1938, when competition from rail service made it obsolescent. Eight of the tramways towers remain standing, and at least 27 have collapsed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Interior Tramway was conceived and financed by Colfax, Washington resident Aaron Kuhn. It is one of several such tramways operated on the Columbia Plateau in the early 20th century. Kuhn, born in Germany in 1857, had emigrated to the United States in 1873, moving around the west until he settled in Colfax in 1883, marrying and starting a general store. At the same time he began buying agricultural land, primarily for wheat and fruit production. In 1901 Kuhn planned for a tramway at the Snake River Breaks, estimating the cost at $7500 to $8000. Leaving the construction in the hands of Kuhn&#39;s general manager Seymour Manning, Kuhn took his family on a tour of Europe. The tram was completed in time for the fall harvest. The next year Kuhn sold most of his properties in Colfax and moved to Spokane, where he became involved in banking and railroads.</p><br>
<p>The tram was acquired by the Balfour-Guthrie Company of Portland, Oregon, who operated the tram and warehouses as the Interior Warehouse Company. By 1908 a railroad line along the Snake passed the lower terminus and sternwheel paddleboats were discontinued. The grain was loaded onto boxcars. By 1938 the railroad system had branched into the interior and the tramway was no longer necessary to move wheat to the rail lines.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The tram was constructed along the same lines as a modern ski lift. A continuous wire cable ran in a loop carrying 130 lb feed sacks. The weight of the sacks as they descended operated the tram, with 64 loaded sacks and 64 empties over the length of the tram. A brakeman at the upper terminal controlled the rate of descent, squeezing the cable with a grip brake. At either end the cable loops back on an 8 ft diameter wheel. The towers are of wood construction, between 6 ft and 13 ft high. The original terminal and lowermost towers were submerged when the level of the Snake was raised 50 ft by the construction of Lower Granite Dam.</p><br>
<p>The Interior Grain Tramway was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Chadron, at 115 Main St. in Chadron, Nebraska, was built in 1890 in Italianate style. It has also been known as the Railroad YMCA and as the Olde Main Street Inn. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The hotel opened August 8, 1890, as a replacement for a previous hotel that burned. It served as the headquarters for investigating general Nelson A. Miles while he investigated the Wounded Knee Massacre of December 29, 1890. Miles came to the Chadron Hotel immediately, arriving December 30, and within weeks identified "blind stupidity or criminal indifference" as contributing causes of the tragedy. It is unclear how long he stayed at the hotel.</p><br>
<p>The Old Clarke County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse complex located at Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia. The complex includes the Old Clarke County Courthouse, built in 1837; the original county clerks building, dating from the 1880s; and a two-story building built about 1900 and containing the Sheriffs office and county jail. The former courthouse is a two-story, red brick temple-form structure, fronted by a full-height Tuscan order portico in the Roman Revival style. The building served as the county&#39;s courthouse until 1977, when a new courthouse was erected. It was subsequently designated the General District Courts Building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Atlanta Public Library, located at the intersection of Race and Arch Streets in Atlanta, Illinois, was built in 1908 and has operated continuously as a library since. Architect Paul A. Moratzs design combines the Neoclassical with an octagonal plan, an uncommon mixture of styles. The buildings eight sides are all symmetrical except for the front, which is broken by a classical portico with Doric columns and a round arched entrance. The library is topped by a red tile roof.</p><br>
<p>Atlantas public library program began in 1873. When the city built its library building in 1908, it did so through community support rather than receiving a grant from the Carnegie Foundation as most other communities did at the time. A clock tower was added to the property in the 1970s. The Atlanta Museum formerly operated in the librarys basement.</p><br>
<p>The library was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 11, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Johnson-Neel House is a private historic house near Mooresville, North Carolina. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>It apparently was built in the 1826-1835 period, probably before 1830. Its construction is attributed to master builder Jacob Stirewalt. Features include a Federal-style stairway including tulip brackets. The buildings brickwork is laid in Flemish bond. It also has a fireplace mantel that is very similar to one at Mill Hill, Stirewalts home in Concord (also NRHP-listed).</p><br>
<p>The George Houston House, also known as the "Wall-Houston House", is a private historic home between Mooresville and Davidson, North Carolina in Iredell County that was built in 1818. The original portion of the home was built with log construction, and several later additions, including a 19th-century ell. In its nomination, the home&#39;s original Federal-style construction was noted as being highly representative of the idiosyncrasies found in home designs in Iredell County and the North Carolina Piedmont during the Federal era. The property on which the home sits also contains several historic outbuildings, including an early log barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The New York Court of Appeals Building, officially referred to as Court of Appeals Hall, is located at the corner of Eagle and Pine streets in central Albany, New York, United States. It is a stone Greek Revival building built in 1842 from a design by Henry Rector. In 1971 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, one of seven buildings housing a state&#39;s highest court currently so recognized. Seven years later it was included as a contributing property when the Lafayette Park Historic District was listed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>When built it was known as the State Hall, housing not the court (which sat in the state capitol) but its clerks. In addition to them, it was the offices of several other officials of the state&#39;s executive branch. Four years after its completion, a new state constitution was adopted, uniting two separate court hierarchies into one with the Court of Appeals as the highest court in the state.</p><br>
<p>Rectors design incorporates all three classical orders in the buildings rotunda and uses stone arches to support the ceilings in an early attempt at fireproofing. It is one of only two extant buildings known to have been designed by him. Other architects were involved in later work on the building. Henry Hobson Richardson designed the courtroom, originally located in the nearby state capitol in the 1880s and described by a visiting Lord Coleridge as "the finest... in the world".</p><br>
<p>Lewis Pilcher oversaw a rear addition in the early 20th century when the courtroom was moved as it had outgrown its traditional space in the capitol, taking Richardsons courtroom along with it except for the ceiling. The building has been through two more renovations since. In the late 1950s it was refaced and the original foundation replaced. An early 21st-century project removed the cupola, added small wings on both sides and completely overhauled the buildings internal infrastructure as well as restoring much of the original interior decoration.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse occupies half of the block between Columbia, Eagle, Lodge and Pine streets. The building itself takes up the southwestern quadrant; its parking lot, the southeast. The land slopes gently to the east, reflecting the proximity of the Hudson River one-half mile (800 m) in that direction.</p><br>
<p>In the surrounding neighborhood are many similarly large buildings, most of them governmental or institutional and contributing properties to their historic districts. On the northern half of the block is the Albany County courthouse, an early 20th-century neoclassical building architecturally sympathetic to the Court of Appeals building. South, across Pine, is Albanys City Hall, a stone Romanesque Revival building by Henry Hobson Richardson from the 1880s, also listed on the Register individually. Just to its south, visible from the Court of Appeals building through Corning Park behind City Hall, is St. Peters Episcopal Church, a French Gothic-style edifice by Richard Upjohn and his son. It is a National Historic Landmark (NHL) as well as a contributing property to the Downtown Albany Historic District, which borders the Lafayette Park Historic District to the east at this point.</p><br>
<p>Across Eagle Street is the two-acre (2 acre) open space of Academy Park. Across it, slightly to the northwest, straddling the boundary between it and the larger Lafayette Park beyond, is the Old Albany Academy Building, an 1815 stone Federal-style work by Philip Hooker that now serves as administrative offices of the City School District of Albany. Its modest scale is in contrast to the monumental New York State Education Department Building, visible across Lafayette Park. Above it the Alfred E. Smith Buildings 34 stories tower over the New York State Capitol, also an NHL, across Washington Avenue (New York State Route 5) to the west. The taller towers of the modernist Empire State Plaza are to the southeast. East of the Court of Appeals building, across Lodge Street, is St. Marys Church, home to the city&#39;s oldest Roman Catholic congregation and another listed property that contributes to the Downtown Albany Historic District.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The building itself is a three-story, 11-by-7-bay structure with a wing on the north, two small wings on the east and a larger addition from the exposed basement on that side. It is faced with load-bearing marble blocks, At the top is a flat roof with a copper-sheathed dome in the center.</p><br>
<p>In the middle of the east (front) facade is a five-bay projecting portico. Six round fluted Ionic columns support a pediment with plain entablature. On the building itself 12 square smooth Doric pilasters divide the bays. Above the main entrance is a relief of the state seal. Both stories are set with narrow nine-over-nine double-hung sash windows.</p><br>
<p>Above the columns and pilasters is a plain frieze divided by a small molded cornice. On the portico, the upper portion of the frieze has the legend "Court of Appeals State of New York" engraved in it. Above it is another, broader, overhanging cornice, also found on the pediment. The third story has the same nine-over-nine double-hung sash. Above it is a smaller cornice and parapet. In the middle of the roof is the dome, clad in stainless steel, with an oculus and gold leaf finial at the top.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Inside the ceilings are supported by groin-vaulted stone arches rather than timber framing. Floors and stairs are laid in marble flagstone. The first floor has a library and lounge for attorneys, and the John Jay Room, for public events and overflow viewing of oral arguments via closed-circuit television. It and other public areas of the first floor have teak paneling and molding.</p><br>
<p>All seven judges chambers are on the second floor, along with their library and the conference room where they meet to cast votes on cases after hearing arguments. The chambers are finished in wooden paneling. A modern Art Deco chandelier lights the conference room. The third floor has some additional library space along with the offices of court and individual judges clerks.</p><br>
<p>Under the dome, the rotunda&#39;s decorative work uses all three classical orders. Plain Doric columns and capitals on the first floor are topped by carved Ionic columns on the second story. They support ornate Corinthian columns at the top. In the ceiling is The Romance of the Skies, a 1,000 ft&sup2; painting depicting the three seasons when the court is in session.</p><br>
<p>In the rear wing is the courtroom, its interior decorated in ornately hand-carved brown oak, similar to its furniture. Oil portraits of past Court of Appeals judges line the walls up to the 22 ft carved plaster ceiling. A fireplace of bronze, marble and Mexican onyx is in one wall. The floor has a red carpet decorated with geometric patterns.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally, the building housed various state officials rather than the court. Insufficient space at the capitol led to the court&#39;s takeover of the building in the 1910s, the first of three major renovations in a century.</p><br>
<h3>1842–1917: State Hall</h3><br>
<p>Created in 1777 during the Revolution, the government of the state of New York did not assume full governmental responsibilities for its territory until the end of the war and independence. After several other cities had held the title, Albany was formally established as the state capital in the 1790s. The new state government did not need many buildings. Both houses of the state legislature met in Albany&#39;s City Hall until the first state capitol was built in 1819; governors rented residences in the city; and the two highest state courts, the Court of Chancery and the Court for the Trial of Impeachments and the Correction of Errors, heard cases in the county courthouse or the capitol. For those officials who needed a dedicated workspace, the first state office building, Old State Hall, was erected in the early 1800s at what is now the corner of Lodge and State streets.</p><br>
<p>In 1833, the occupants complained that the building was running out of space and inadequate in other ways—in particular, they said, the many records kept within it could be destroyed in a fire. The legislature directed the capitol&#39;s trustees to find land for a new building. The trustees acquired the current land and commissioned local architect Henry Rector to design the building.</p><br>
<p>According to architectural critic Talbot Hamlin, Rectors design "proclaimed the complete triumph of the Greek Revival in the Albany region." The column bases and capitals on the exterior were copied from the Temple of Athena Nike on the Acropolis. Marble for the building, mandated by the legislature, was quarried by inmates at the new Sing Sing Prison near the present-day village of Ossining in Westchester County and shipped up the Hudson River on barges. It was completed by 1842 at a total cost of $350,000 ($ in dollars). No other buildings of Rectors survive except for a row of houses on Westerlo Street in Albany&#39;s Pastures Historic District.</p><br>
<p>In addition to its architecture, the building would be notable for two aspects of its engineering as well. One was the use of the stone groin vaults to support the ceilings instead of the timber framing common at the time, an early attempt at fireproofing. The other was the stone staircase in the middle of the rotunda, which started at the first floor and cantilevered out up to the third floor with no visible means of support.</p><br>
<p>After the buildings completion, the state chancellor, Register of Chancery, clerk of the Court of Appeals and its Supreme Court moved in. The states executive branch was represented by the attorney general, auditor, canal appraisers and commissioners, comptroller and state engineer and surveyor-general. In 1846, a new state constitution reformed the courts, eliminating the Court of Chancery and relegating the Supreme Court to its current role of both appellate and trial court, supreme in that it has the last word on findings of fact but deferring to the new Court of Appeals on questions of law.</p><br>
<p>However, the tenants of the building remained unchanged. The Court of Appeals sat in the state capitol, both the former building and the current one. In the latter, Henry Hobson Richardson, supervising a construction process that had become delayed since it began in the early 1870s from Thomas Fuller&#39;s original plan, designed an ornate wooden courtroom with carved oak walls and furniture. The judges began hearing oral arguments there in 1884. It was described by a visiting Lord Coleridge, Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, as "the finest courtroom in the world."</p><br>
<p>As the 19th century became the 20th, the state grew and, with it, its government. By 1909 the judges and lawyers alike were complaining that the court&#39;s capitol space was inadequate to its modern legal needs. The following year the legislature directed the court to appoint one of its judges to work with the state architect, then Franklin B. Ware, to determine whether the old State Hall could be renovated into an adequate facility. The court appointed Judge William E. Werner. He and Ware commissioned a report from a Rochester architect who concluded that such a renovation was possible.</p><br>
<p>Even though the fire that ravaged the capitol in 1911 made the need for new court space more pressing, Ware refused to endorse the report, saying the renovation proposed was inadequate. Instead, he proposed redeveloping the entire area around the capitol (today the Lafayette Park Historic District) similarly to Capitol Hill in Washington, including a new courthouse on Swan Street.</p><br>
<p>Wares plan was rejected, and Lewis Pilcher replaced him as state architect. He proceeded with the planned renovation of State Hall. In keeping with the wishes of Chief Judge Willard Bartlett, Pilchers most significant change to the building was a wing on the east to accommodate Richardsons courtroom, which could be moved to State Hall with the exception of its original ceiling. On the interior of the existing building, the rotunda was faced in dark yellow faux Caen stone, and the judges library, conference room and individual chambers were all painted in shades of cream and lit with pendant drop-globes.</p><br>
<p>The court approved the redesign in 1914. Work began after the contract was signed the next year; it was complete in time for a formal dedication at the beginning of 1917. The building was at that time officially renamed Court of Appeals Hall, the legend still on its pediment. Governor Charles S. Whitman spoke at the ceremony, saying the building was now dedicated to "the noblest purpose to which a building or a life can be dedicated, the administration of justice."</p><br>
<h3>1918–1959: Second renovation</h3><br>
<p>For 30 years the converted State Hall served the needs of judges and lawyers alike. By the late 1940s its age was becoming evident. The state&#39;s Department of Public Works reported that the portico was in danger of collapsing, the interior was looking shabby, and the electrical wiring and heating needed to be replaced. Nothing would be done about this situation until Governor Averell Harriman made a surprise inspection of the building in 1956. Two years later another renovation began under state architect Carl Larson and Judge Charles W. Froessel.</p><br>
<p>The work had been delayed while the judges considered, and rejected, building an entirely new courthouse, as their predecessors had in 1917. They heard cases in the Appellate Division courtroom at the nearby county courthouse, while they received temporary chambers at the capitol. The clerk of courts and his staff took their temporary quarters at an old storage building at Lodge Street and Maiden Lane. The reporter relocated to 6 Elk Street.</p><br>
<p>Early in the renovation, a short circuit in the elevator machine room started a serious fire that destroyed the roof and dome and badly damaged the rotunda. Work continued, and shortly afterward another serious problem was discovered when excavations around the foundation disclosed that the eastern corners of the building had each sunk 5 in since 1842, resulting in severe damage to floors, windows, lintels and the interior arches. The original foundations of rubble on clay were replaced with concrete.</p><br>
<p>A larger new dome, 64 ft wide and 23 ft high, built of steel beams and light concrete planks, replaced the original. It was sheathed in lead-coated copper and topped with a wooden cupola. Inside the dome a 34-foot–wide (34 ft) mural by Eugene Savage, The Romance of the Skies, depicts the three seasons—fall, winter and spring—during which the court sits. Except for the removal of the cantilevered stone staircase, now deemed too structurally unstable to use, the rotunda remained unchanged.</p><br>
<p>It was the only space inside that did. Many rooms received new coats of paint, and the ceiling arches were hidden from view by new walls. New elevators and stairs were installed to replace the original stone stair. Additional amenities, such as air conditioning, an enamel-walled kitchen and television in the reception room, were added for the judges. Their robing room was paneled in birch. Two of the seven judges had chambers on the first floor; the rest were upstairs. The paintings that hung in Robertson&#39;s courtroom were cleaned and rehung; a new carpet was installed.</p><br>
<p>On the outside much of the original marble was removed and replaced with stone quarried in Vermont. Six Ionic columns and new stairs were built for the reconstructed portico. Above the main entrance, an 8-ton (8 ST) emblem of the state seal sculpted by C. Paul Jennewein was installed.</p><br>
<p>Despite the fire and the structural issues, the project was finished ahead of schedule in 1959. Nelson Rockefeller, who had succeeded Harriman, gave the court his full support. At the rededication ceremony that October, Chief Judge Albert Conway symbolically accepted the keys from him. Conway observed as he did that the new building reflected the "permanence of an ideal".</p><br>
<h3>1960–present: Third renovation</h3><br>
<p>As it had following the 1917 work, the courthouse continued to serve its purpose for the next three decades. By 1999, however, it once again seemed inadequate to the needs of its users. The thick walls made it difficult to adapt for modern electrical and telecommunications purposes. The infrastructure within was almost half a century old, making it difficult to heat and cool the building. The space taken up by those walls meant that the courtroom was the only place the judges and all their combined staff could hold meetings. There were also very few spaces for the public within the building, frustrating attempts to make the court and its history transparent and accessible.</p><br>
<p>The judges decided that it was necessary to make some small additions to the building along with the infrastructure upgrades. Chief Judge Judith Kaye designated Judge Richard C. Wesley, later elevated to the federal Second Circuit Court of Appeals, as the courts liaison to the project, now managed by the Dormitory Authority of the State of New York as the state architects position had been abolished. After the necessary appropriations from the legislature, work began in 2001. During the 17 months it took, the judges continued to hear arguments in the courtroom but worked out of temporary quarters outside the city.</p><br>
<p>As the building had been listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, since its last renovation, preservation and restoration were as important as the expansions. The State Historic Preservation Office was closely involved with the process. It mandated that the newly installed wings on the sides of the building be distinguishable from the original facades after the marble was once again replaced with newly quarried Vermont stone, even though they were architecturally sympathetic to Rector&#39;s original design. As a result, they have narrower bays and pilasters, smooth at the base rather than fluted, to subtly distinguish them from the original building.</p><br>
<p>Elsewhere on the exterior, the dome was made over. The lead-plated copper installed in 1959 was replaced with stainless steel and the cupola from that renovation replaced with the current oculus. Its high-performance glass keeps out ultraviolet light and reduces heat inside. The gold-plated sphere that had topped the cupola remains above the oculus.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the renovations once more made the ceiling groin vaults visible. The entire infrastructure was replaced, and the newly created space in the main building, plus the additional space in the wings, brought the building to 93,000 ft&sup2; of total floor space. The Red Room and the Jay Room were created on the first floor to host public functions and exhibits on the history of the court, as well as providing overflow space for those who wished to hear oral arguments in cases that attracted significant interest. All the judges&#39; chambers were now located on the second floor, a change that Kaye had particularly sought.</p><br>
<p>Photographs and other historical records were studied closely for information about interior decoration that matched earlier eras. The rotunda was done in shades of beige, cream and yellow, as it had appeared to be originally. On the first floor carpets, blues and reds were used following early 20th-century practices. The Red Room and all offices similarly have a painted faux-finish on the walls. Since the third floor is now largely new construction, it uses green primarily. Lighting used throughout duplicates the 1959 renovation, except in the courtroom, where reconstructions of the 1884 chandeliers complement a newly designed carpet.</p><br>
<p>Josephine City School is a historic school building for African-American children located at Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia. It was built about 1882, and is a rectangular, one-story, frame building with a gable roof and a four-bay side gable entrance facade. The school measures approximately 40 feet long and 30 feet wide. It is part of a school complex for African American children that included the Josephine City School; the 1930 brick Clarke County Training School; and a 1941 frame building that was constructed as additional agriculture classrooms. It was used as an elementary school until 1930, when it was moved a short distance from its original location, and used as the Clarke County Training School&#39;s home economics and agriculture classrooms. It was used for classrooms until 1971, when it was turned into storage space, after which it was converted into low/moderate-income elderly housing.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Part of the building now houses the Josephine School Community Museum and Clarke County African-American Cultural Center. Opened in 2003, the museum displays the history of Clarke County&#39;s African-American community.</p><br>
<p>Wickliffe Church is a historic Episcopal church building located in Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia. The church has not been in active use since 1918, except for an annual homecoming service held in August and occasional special events.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This brick church was built in 1846 to replace an earlier stone church built between 1817 and 1819, when Episcopalian families in the area found travel over bad roads to Old Chapel (Millwood, Virginia) or Christ Episcopal Church (Winchester, Virginia) too difficult. Its name honors John Wycliffe, who first translated the Bible into English. Rev. William Meade, who lived in what became Clark parish, served all three of those churches until about 1821, when he arranged for assistants to handle Wickliffe and Morgan Chapel in Bunker Hill, West Virginia, as well as Christ Church in Winchester and Old Chapel during his evangelistic travels throughout Virginia (which then included West Virginia) and nearby states. Meade became an assistant bishop in 1829 and Bishop of Virginia in 1841, but continued to make his home in Clarke County and travel extensively.</p><br>
<p>The Episcopal Diocese of Virginia authorized creation of Wickliffe parish in 1834, two years before the Virginia General Assembly split Clarke County from Frederick County and Berryville became the new countys seat. The current main church in the parish, Grace Episcopal Church (Berryville, Virginia), about nine miles away, was founded a dozen years after Wickliffe. It became a parish in its own right in 1853, during perhaps the areas time of greatest economic prosperity, with young Rev. Francis McNeece Whittle (a future bishop of Virginia) as the first rector in Berryville and Rev. William McGuire at Wickliffe. Meade considered the earlier stone church poorly constructed, and it had become dangerous by 1845, so it was torn down and the present brick structure built. A school, Wycliffe Academy, operated on the property from 1828 until 1852, and 1865–1867.</p><br>
<p>The Cool Spring/Snicker&#39;s Ferry area nearby was the site of a battle on July 17–18, 1864, that was the most extensive engagement in Clarke County during the American Civil War. It marked the end of a campaign against Washington D.C. led by Confederate General Jubal Early and proved the reason for appointment of Union General Philip Sheridan to command government forces in the area as the Valley Campaigns of 1864 continued (and Union forces captured Winchester for the third and final time on September 19). Immediately before their victory in the Battle of Cool Spring, Confederate infantry commanded by Major General Robert E. Rodes camped on the church grounds.</p><br>
<p>After the war, this congregation became known for its evangelism, founding additional mission churches nearby, including St. Marys in Berryville and Church of the Good Shepherd at Snickers Gap (Bluemont, Virginia), as well as St. Johns Church in Rippon, West Virginia in the 1870s and Christ Church also in Jefferson County, West Virginia. In 1905, Hannah Williams donated funds to construct a school to educate African Americans. That building was later moved to Berryville and is now the parish hall of St. Marys Episcopal Church</p><br>
<p>In 1918 due to a declining congregation (and the advent of automobile transportation), the congregation merged with Grace Episcopal Church in Berryville, which preserves the old church (which is available for weddings and other events) and holds an annual homecoming in mid-August.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story, brick church achieved Virginia and National Landmark status in 1995 as a nearly pristine example of the Greek Revival style. Wickliffe Church features a distinctive distyle-in-antis portico with Doric order columns providing access to two entrance doors which open into the nave. Additional doors on either side provide access to stairways which ascend to the gallery. The church also features stepped gables and an open belfry. Wickliffe Church retains a high degree of integrity, having never been updated with electricity, plumbing, or other modern alterations.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property is a contributing cemetery with the remains of members of the Williams family, donors of the land on which the church was built.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. Later that year, Virginia began the historic recognition process for the Cool Spring Battlefield historic district The district was included in the National Register in 1997, but revised in 2014 to eliminate a building constructed circa 1880 and an archeological site that had been disturbed during road construction and did not relate to the Civil War period.</p><br>
<p>Bethel Memorial Church, also known as Bethel Baptist Memorial Church, is a historic Baptist church building located at White Post, Clarke County, Virginia. It replaced an earlier log Quaker meeting house, used by the Baptist congregation from 1808. Bethel was built between 1833 and 1836, and is a two-story, rectangular brick church in the Federal style. It has a front gable roof. The interior features many well-preserved elements including oil lamps installed in 1874 and grain painted pews. The front of the church features separate entrance doors for men and women. Also on the property is a contributing church cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Downey Building is a historic building located at 110-112 Southwest Arch Street in Atlanta, Illinois. The Italianate building was constructed in 1867 by local businessman Alexander Downey. The building contains two storefronts, which have historically housed separate businesses.</p><br>
<p>The Exchange National Bank of Atlanta moved into the south side of the building shortly after it opened; at the time, it was the only bank in Atlanta, as it had been chartered the previous year after the previous bank shut down. The bank later changed its name to the First National Bank of Atlanta and the Atlanta National Bank. In 1916, the bank relocated, and John Luther Bevan acquired the space for his and his son&#39;s law office. His son, Samuel Bevan, used the office until his death in 1960. The south side of the building now houses an annex of the Atlanta Museum.</p><br>
<p>The north side of the building housed various businesses until 1934, when James Robert Adams opened the Palms Grill Café in that storefront. The grill was both a community gathering place and a stop for travelers on USA Route 66. In addition to serving food, the café also hosted community gatherings such as dances and bingo. It also served as Atlanta&#39;s Greyhound Bus stop. The restaurant featured a large neon sign in front, which was also used to signal buses.</p><br>
<p>The restaurant was closed during the 1960s but reopened in 2009 after the building was extensively renovated. It is now a popular stop on Historic Route 66 in Illinois. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 25, 2004.</p><br>
<p>The J. H. Hawes Elevator is a historic grain elevator located on 2nd Street in Atlanta, Illinois. The elevator was built in 1903 along the Illinois Midland Railroad; it was used to store locally farmed grain before the railroad shipped it to cities such as Peoria, Decatur, and Terre Haute, Indiana. Built by McIntyre and Wykle, the elevator is an example of a studded grain elevator, which uses vertical wooden studs in its walls to form its internal grain bins. The elevator operated until 1975. It was later restored to its original condition and is now a museum.</p><br>
<p>The elevator was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 17, 1991. It is the only restored wooden grain elevator on the National Register in Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln Public Library is a Carnegie library located at 725 Pekin St. in Lincoln, Illinois. Built in 1902, the library was funded by a $25,000 grant from the Carnegie Foundation. Chicago architect W. A. Otis designed the library in the Classical Revival style. The building&#39;s design features an entrance portico, a raised first floor, a Tuscan cornice, stone decorations, and a red tile roof. The portico includes four Tuscan columns, a pediment with its own cornice, a plinth, and acanthus decorations, and an oak double door with another cornice and an overhead window. The library has been continuously used since its opening.</p><br>
<p>The library was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 12, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Hawthorne USO Building, at 950 E St. in Hawthorne, Nevada, was built in 1941 as a World War II United Services Organization  social hall. It opened in January 1942. It is a simple 90 x "modified I plan" standard "USO Type D Federal Recreation Building", on Hawthorne&#39;s main street.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. It was deemed significant for association "with the purpose and activities of the USO in Nevada during</p><br>
<p>World War II" and for association with the West Coast USA Naval Ammunition Depot, sited in Hawthorne in 1928 after New Jersey&#39;s Lake Denmark Naval Ammunition Depot blew up.</p><br>
<p>The Sixth Street School, at Sixth and C Sts. in Hawthorne, Nevada, was built in 1936 and expanded later, including in 1942 and 1950. Also known as Hawthorne Elementary School, it is an Art Deco style building that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1999.</p><br>
<p>It was funded by a local bond issue rather than by any New Deal program, although its expansion was funded by federal programs, after the start of World War II led to growth at the 1928-founded Hawthorne Naval Ammunition Depot and to local population growth. It was deemed significant for its association with military history, and is also locally significant as an Art Deco work, designed by a young architect, University of Pennsylvania-trained Willis Humphry Church.</p><br>
<p>No longer a school as of the time of its NRHP listing, it is located kitty-corner across from the former Mineral County Courthouse building, which also is NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>Old Chapel is a historic Episcopal church building located near Millwood, Clarke County, Virginia. Old Chapel is now the oldest Episcopal church building still in use west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. In 2014, the Chapel Rural Historic District was recognized, and which encompasses both Cunningham parish churches, discussed below, as well as approximately 700 other structures and an area of nearly 10,500 acres.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 18th century it was known as Cunninghams Chapel for the tavern located nearby at the location of two historic roads—the Old Dutch Wagon Road westward from Alexandria to Frederick, Maryland and the Ohio River Valley (what in the Federal period became the National Road now route 340) and the shorter east-west highway from Burwells mill in Millwood (now numbered 255).</p><br>
<p>The original log church authorized by the Virginia General Assembly (when it created the large Frederick Parish with several auxiliary chapels of ease) in 1738 was built some time between 1740 and 1750 (the slow building process led to accusations of malfeasance and litigation before the General Court in Williamsburg). It was reroofed and renovated in 1762, but destroyed during the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>The current building was authorized in 1790 and completed circa 1793. It was the home parish of Bishop William Meade, who for a time served under Frederick Parishs longtime rector, Rev. Alexander Balmain (of Scotland and later Winchester, Virginia). Meade served as the priest in charge here for 25 years (and effectively moved the parishs headquarters here upon Rev. Balmain&#39;s death), although he secured construction of Christ Church in Millwood (as discussed below) around the time of his consecration as assistant bishop of Virginia, and a successor was soon hired for the parish. As a plaque inside relates, Bishop Meade expected to be buried here, but he died in Richmond, Virginia, and was initially buried at the Hollywood, and his remains later moved to the cemetery of Virginia Theological Seminary in Alexandria.</p><br>
<p>Also on the Old Chapel property is a contributing cemetery, originally on land donated by the Burwell family. It holds the grave of founding father (and former Virginia governor and USA Attorney General) Edmund Randolph, as well as many members of the Burwell, Nelson and Randolph families. Like the later Meade Memorial Church cemetery (discussed below), it also has a memorial to Confederate war dead.</p><br>
<h2>Related churches</h2><br>
<p>In 1816, population growth (and the donation of land by a local family) led to construction of a wooden chapel of ease about ten miles away at the intersection of the road to Alexandria with the road to Greenway Court, the estate of Lord Fairfax, who initially worshipped here or at what became Christ Episcopal Church (Winchester, Virginia). That chapel was rebuilt as Wickliffe Church in 1853, during the area&#39;s era of greatest prosperity, and is itself a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The parish nonetheless kept growing, and by 1826 this building was too small to serve its needs. In 1832 Christ Church, Millwood was consecrated about three miles away down what became known as Bishop Meade Road (VA255) (formal address is 809 Bishop Meade Road, Millwood VA 22646). The new chapel (finished in 1834) was nearer Bishop Meade&#39;s home, across the street from (Carter Hall) (the home of the prominent Burwell family which had donated the land), and nearer the mill, school and post office. Clarke County also formally separated from Frederick County in 1836, with the redrawn parish remaining in Clarke County (although not formally named Cunningham Chapel Parish until 1868).</p><br>
<p>On March 29, 1853, the vestry voted to hold at least two services per year at the Old Chapel, once in the spring and once in the fall. It was also used for services by the local African American community. This church is still used for a sunrise service on Easter Sunday and on the second Sunday in September.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Millwood was rebuilt in Gothic Style in 1892 and again in 1947 after a severe fire. Its rectory became the Parish Hall, and the vestry remains responsible for both properties. In 1912, the parish began building another gothic structure about four miles away, near the Boyce railroad station. That structure, a contributing building to the Boyce Historic District as are the Methodist Church also built in 1916 and Baptist Church built in 1910, was deconsecrated in 2012 and is now being redeveloped.</p><br>
<p>In 1872, Rev. Joseph Ravenscroft Jones, rector of Cunningham Parish since 1858, laid the cornerstone for Meade Memorial Church in White Post, close to the deceased bishop&#39;s home. That church was consecrated in 1875 and remained in use despite a declining congregation until 1967, when it was closed for nearly three decades. However, the area again grew in population, so the church was reopened in 1996 and remains an active (although small) congregation today.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The current historic stone church has a single story, three bay by three bay design, and a shingle covered gable roof. The spare interior has a carved wooden pulpit and balcony accessible by a steep stairway. It also has a memorial plaque for Bishop Meade, as well as several post-Civil War caretakers.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Colonel Nathaniel Burwell of Carter Hall (1750–1814)</p><br>
<p>John Esten Cooke</p><br>
<p>Ann Randolph Meade Page (1781&ndash;1838)</p><br>
<p>Governor Edmund Randolph (1753–1813)</p><br>
<p>The Enslaved</p><br>
<p>Robert Cooke Goolrick (1948-2022, American writer)</p><br>
<p>Millwood Colored School, now known as Millwood Community Center, is a historic school building for African-American children located at Boyce, Clarke County, Virginia. It was built about 1910, and is a one-story, hip-roofed school has a two-room plan with coat closets, and a kitchen. The building measures approximately 60 feet long and 30 feet wide. It features a recessed entry, two entrance doors, overhanging eaves with scalloped exposed rafter ends, double-hung windows with wooden tracery, five-panel doors, and sits on a limestone foundation. It was used as an elementary school until 1952, then sold to the Millwood Good Will Association for use as a community center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Annefield or Annfield is a historic plantation house located near Boyce, Clarke County, Virginia. Matthew Page  built it beginning around 1790, and named it after his new wife, Ann Randolph Meade , daughter of Richard Kidder Meade and sister of William Meade, whom he married in 1799.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Matthew Page, born in Hanover County, moved with his brother to the then-frontier Frederick County (from which Clarke County later split), and became one of its wealthiest men. He acquired a plantation on the westward road near the Potomac River between Alexandria and Winchester, and expanded it to more than 2000 acres, which he operated using about 200 slaves. Ann Meade Pages good friend Molly Custis also opposed slavery (freeing her slaves and persuading her husband George Washington Parke Custis to free the remaining slaves in his will), and her daughter Mary Custis (1808-1873), wife of Robert E. Lee, was born at Annefield during one of her mothers visits. Despite criticism from her neighbors that she was "slave to the slaves", Ann Page replaced the dormitory style slave quarters at Annefield, and taught African Americans at the plantation, even those not enslaved there. Both women were active in the American Colonization Society, and Rev. Charles Wesley Andrews (who came from Vermont to assist at the local parish and became active in that society), married Page&#39;s daughter Sarah.</p><br>
<p>Matthew Pages extensive will and codicil written shortly before his death in 1826 divided the slaves by families among his wife, daughter Sarah, nephews John W. and William B. Page and niece Sarah W. Brooke, with the balance of the estate to be given by its administrator William Byrd Page to Matthew Pages daughters Sarah and Mary (for whom William Meade served as guardian) and their issue. Ann Page received some money from the estate (from collecting debts owed it as well as selling slaves and other property) in 1829 to care for elderly slaves. Between 1832 and her 1838 death, she sent three groups of slaves (34 people) from Annefield to Liberia, and gave others the option of going to Liberia in her will, for which Rev. Andrews was executor.</p><br>
<p>After Ann Page&#39;s death, Annefield was sold to Thomas Carter. His son William Page Carter (b. 1840-19??) became a captain in the Confederate Light Artillery. Wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines outside Richmond, he began writing poetry, at first under a pseudonym, and later married Lucy Page of Philadelphia and lived in Washington, D.C. His book Echoes from the Glen in Divers Keys (1905) is available from the Internet Archive.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story, stone mansion is seven bays by four bays, with a hipped roof. The central door is flanked by narrow windows and has a two-level pedimented porch supported by Roman Ionic columns. Later a -story, stuccoed frame rear ell was added. It features a considerable carved interior woodwork, including modillioned cornice and balustraded deck, as well as four interior end chimneys. Also on the property is a contributing kitchen building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>Huntingdon, also known as The Meadow, is a historic plantation house located near Boyce, Clarke County, Virginia. The original section was built about 1830, and is a two-story, five-bay, stone I-house dwelling with a gable roof. A rear ell was added around 1850, making a T-shaped house. Also on the property are a contributing pyramidal roofed mid-19th-century smokehouse and a stone-lined ice pit with a late 19th-century, square-notched log icehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Allen Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church is an African Methodist Episcopal  church located at 902 Broadway in Lincoln, Illinois. As a black church, Allen Chapel served as a center of Lincolns small African-American community. The church hosted the communitys religious and social events. As an AME church, it provided AME publications to and helped educate its members. As Lincoln was both segregated and predominantly white for much of the churchs early history, the church played an important role as one of the few organizations dedicated to improving the lives of the citys black residents. The church is still used for religious services.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Allen Chapel is a one-story, brick gable front building with a brick foundation. The church was built in 1880 to house Lincoln&#39;s African Methodist Episcopal congregation, which formed in 1868. The building has a vernacular design with Gothic arched windows and entrances. There was originally a stained glass window in the transom above the door, but was later replaced with lights with coated glass that resembles stained glass. The windows have limestone sills and their original wood frames are still intact.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the church has had little alteration, with original plaster walls, wood trim windows, wainscoting, and wood paneled ceilings still in place.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1868, the congregation began meeting in the home of Rev. Spencer Donegan and his wife Elizabeth Lucenda (née Guy) Donegan. The Donegans worked to found the first AME church in Lincoln. Donegan was the Sangamon County delegate to the 1853 Colored Convention in Chicago.</p><br>
<p>Eight months after the group began meeting, the congregation purchased a local high school for $800. Rev. T. A. Hall was the first pastor. In 1869, the church became a part of the Annual Conference of the Connectional Church and was attached to the Decatur circuit, with assistance from Springfield pastors. Rev. L. M. Davis was then assigned to the church.</p><br>
<p>In the 1870s, the church also functioned as a school and site for political rallies. In 1876, the African Americans of Logan County met at the church to organize a committee in support of President Ulysses S. Grant.</p><br>
<p>In 1881, the congregation erected a new red brick building for the cost of about $1,000. Artisans from the congregation and Black community built the structure.</p><br>
<p>Harlem Renaissance poet Langston Hughes attended services at Allen Chapel as a child. Dr. William "Billy" Dyer, one of the first black military surgeons during World War I, was a member of the congregation.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 2004. The Friends of Allen Chapel are leading efforts to help restore the church.</p><br>
<p>The Arndt Prune Dryer is a specialized agricultural building in Ridgefield, Washington. Built about 1898, it is one of the last traditional farm-built prune dryer buildings in Washington, using a wood fire and natural draft to dry locally grown fruit. Prunes were a major crop in the Vancouver region, as the dried fruit could be shipped economically to markets without refrigeration or spoilage.</p><br>
<p>The prune dryer is a one-story wood-frame building, originally about 14 ft by 15 ft, built for William Arndt by a carpenter. It was expanded to its present size of 230 ft by 40 ft in 1920 by Fred Arndt. The structure is gabled on its narrow ends, with a shed roofed extension to the rear and a similar extension on the front with a partial porch. The walls are clad with vertical wood siding. A small shed extension is attached to the rear gable. The shake roof is crowned by a tall, narrow wood ventilator with a gabled cap that runs perpendicular to the main roof ridgeline. The whole structure rests on squared stone piers, raising it above the slope of the hillside to allow access to the furnace for stoking. The original site-built furnace was replaced in 1954 by a cast iron "Hercules" furnace taken from another prune dryer. Another stove is located outside to heat water for prune processing.</p><br>
<p>The Arndt Prune Dryer was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 1979.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Mission is a mission that was established in Oregon Territory , United States  by Jesuit priests in 1852. The mission is located near Tampico, Washington and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fathers Louis Dherbomez and Charles Pandosy founded St. Josephs mission on April 3, 1852, near Ahtanum Creek in the upper Yakima Valley near present-day Yakima. Dherbomez, originally from Le Havre, France arrived in Oregon Territory on 1847, and was ordained a year later. Prior to founding the St. Josephs Mission, D&#39;herbomez served as priest of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. Pandosy served at the Saint Rose Mission near Richland and at Conception Mission near Ellensburg.</p><br>
<p>Archbishop F. N. Blanchet instructed Dherbomez and Pandosy to construct the mission at the summer camp of Yakama Chief Kamiakin, at Kamiakins request. The mission was constructed on a 677-acre site along Ahtanum Creek, near present-day Tampico. Kamiakin&#39;s men helped excavate primitive irrigation canals in the arid soil, allowing them to raise various crops including wheat, corn, pumpkin, potatoes and melons.</p><br>
<p>The mission was burned down in 1855 during the Yakima Indian War by US army soldiers suspicious that the priests had been collaborating with the Yakama&#39;s. The mission was re-established in September 1867 and, a few months later, was rebuilt with the help of the Yakama people. The rebuilt mission was finished in 1870.</p><br>
<p>The As Sombreru Pillbox I, As Sombreru Pillbox II, and As Sombreru Pillbox III are three historic defensive fortifications on Guam, near Tumon, that were listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1991. They are pillboxes, a type of defensive fortification, built by the 48th Independent Mixed Brigade; 29th Division of the Imperial Japanese Army during 1941-1944, between Japan capturing Guam on December 8, 1941 from the United States and the USA recapturing Guam in 1944.</p><br>
<p>"As Sombreru Pillbox I" has also known been known as As Sombreru Point Japanese Fortification. Its precise location is not disclosed by the National Register; it is listed as "Address Restricted".</p><br>
<p>"As Sombrero Pillbox II" is a 2.40 x pillbox located 7 m in from the high tide line on the south shore of Tumon Beach in Tumon Bay. Its roof slab is about.45 m thick.</p><br>
<p>"As Sombrero Pillbox III" is located on Matapang Beach west of Matapang Park, about 9 m in from the high tide line. It is a 4.0 x two-room pillbox with a "complex configuration" of six walls; its west-facing wall is.45 m thick and has a gun port commanding the center of Tumon Bay. Entrance and an air vent come through the east wall. It was built of steel-reinforced concrete including beach rubble, and, as of the NRHP listing date, was in "excellent" condition. There are "impressions of tabi prints and a possible Japanese character" in the cement roof, which is about.25 m thick.</p><br>
<p>It is not clear whether any of these pillboxes engaged directly in the 1944 battle for Guam. These pillboxes were clearly designed to repel invaders coming from the sea. The USA invasion beginning on July 21, 1944, however, was further to the south and west; the area of these pillboxes was over-run by USA forces coming from the south, on about August 2, 1944.</p><br>
<p>Omar Chapel is a historic church building in Reed Township, Seneca County, Ohio, United States. It was completed in 1843 in the Greek Revival style and was once known as the Second Regular Baptist Church of Reed Township.</p><br>
<p>The chapel has been designated an Ohio Underground Railroad Historic Site for its role in the abolitionist movement. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>A 1953 tornado damaged the chapel&#39;s roof. The property has since been restored and maintained by volunteers.</p><br>
